Global omega-3 intake deficiency linked to heart disease risk, new study finds
76% of people worldwide fall short of EPA and DHA intake essential for heart health, according to a Nutrition Research Reviews analysis by researchers at the University of East Anglia, the University of Southampton and Holland & Barrett.
A global analysis published in Nutrition Research Reviews finds that about 76% of people worldwide do not meet recommended intake levels of omega 3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, which are essential for heart health. Researchers from the University of East Anglia, the University of Southampton and Holland & Barrett analyzed omega 3 intake patterns across multiple countries and age groups, concluding that most adults fall short of the target of at least 250 milligrams per day of EPA and DHA.
Low omega 3 intake is linked to higher risk factors for heart disease, including elevated triglycerides, irregular heart rhythms and plaque buildup in arteries, and may contribute to systemic inflammation. The review notes associations with poorer cognitive function, faster cognitive decline, a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and increased rates of depression. It also highlights potential effects on eye health given omega 3s role in retinal structure. Dietitian Michelle Routhenstein of Entirely Nourished cautioned that many people have room to improve their omega 3 status.
To raise omega 3 levels, dietary sources are emphasized. Richest sources of EPA and DHA are oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, herring, trout and anchovies, and many people may benefit from eating such fish three to four times per week. For individuals who do not eat fish regularly, supplements can help raise EPA and DHA to healthier levels. Dosing should be guided by lab results, medications and overall medical history, and moderate, quality controlled supplements are generally considered safe for most people. There is also evidence supporting prescription strength omega 3 products with high dose EPA around 4 grams per day that has been shown to reduce major cardiovascular events in certain high risk populations, while similar doses of mixed EPA DHA have not consistently shown the same benefit. Testing omega 3 levels can help determine whether intake is adequate. The omega 3 index, a blood test that measures EPA and DHA in red blood cells, is reported as levels around 8 percent associated with lower cardiovascular risk, while levels below about 4 percent are considered low. Understanding baseline levels can guide more personalized decisions about diet and supplementation. Those unsure about status should speak with a healthcare provider.
