Gum disease linked to higher risk of heart events, AHA says

An American Heart Association scientific statement published this week says inflamed gums and mouth bacteria can enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammation in blood vessels, a process that may be linked to a higher risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure.

Researchers reviewed previous studies and found that people with more severe periodontal disease tend to have a higher risk of several cardiovascular problems, including irregular heart rhythms and peripheral artery disease. The AHA note that while not all studies agree on causation, the association is strong enough to warrant attention from clinicians. "Your mouth and your heart are connected," said Andrew H. Tran, M.D., pediatric cardiologist and director of the preventive cardiology program at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, in a press release. Nathan Estrin, a Florida-based periodontist, said there is a clear link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, though more research is needed.

Gum disease starts when bacteria and plaque build up around the teeth and gums. This chronic inflammation is a known driver of atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty plaque in arteries that raises the risk of heart attack and stroke. Bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream and provoke inflammatory responses that may damage blood vessels, experts say.

Experts caution that gum disease shares many risk factors with heart disease—smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity—complicating efforts to separate their effects. Most evidence comes from observational studies, making it hard to prove cause and effect. Clinical trials to date have been small or underpowered and have not clearly shown fewer cardiovascular events after periodontal treatment, the statement notes, though controlling inflammation in general is viewed as helpful.

Still, professionals emphasize practical steps. Good oral hygiene—brushing, flossing, using a water jet and maintaining regular dental cleanings—may help reduce gum inflammation and, by extension, systemic inflammation. "Brushing, flossing and regular dental checkups aren’t just about a healthy smile — they’re an important part of protecting your heart," Estrin said. For people worried about their gum health, specialists advise seeing a periodontist for evaluation.

Researchers acknowledge the need for more research. "Multi-center, long-term randomized trials are necessary to demonstrate causation and the mechanisms for a bidirectional relationship," said Estrin. "However, association should be enough for clinicians to pay attention."

Ultimately, health professionals emphasize preventive care. Patients with gum concerns should consult a periodontist for evaluation and pursue consistent oral hygiene as part of overall cardiovascular risk management.