Is it a cold, 'super flu' or Covid? How to tell the difference

LONDON — The UK is bracing for a tougher flu season, driven by an early wave of influenza and a drifted variant that some health officials have labeled “super flu.” NHS leaders warn the season could be difficult, with vaccines still offering protection and targeted at-risk groups. Health authorities are urging eligible people to get the free annual flu shot as cases begin to rise.

Public health officials say flu has arrived earlier than normal this year, with a drifted influenza A(H3N2) lineage circulating in many parts of the country. Vaccines remain effective against this drift, according to health agencies, and authorities are stressing the importance of vaccination to reduce hospitalizations and severe outcomes.

Distinguishing cold, flu and Covid remains challenging because many symptoms overlap. Dr. Oscar Duke, a medical doctor and TV presenter, notes that colds typically begin gradually and affect the nose and throat first, sometimes with a tickling in the back of the mouth and a sensation of ear pressure as the infection takes hold. If the virus spreads, a cough often follows, but most people continue with daily activities. Flu, by contrast, tends to arrive abruptly, bringing fever, muscle aches and a sense of being markedly unwell. Covid symptoms overlap with flu, but a loss of taste or smell has been a more specific sign, though newer variants such as Stratus and Nimbus have been associated with a razor-sharp sore throat and sometimes diarrhea. The recommendation is to stay home and rest while monitoring symptoms; seek medical advice if you have underlying conditions, experience breathlessness, or symptoms persist for more than three weeks.

Our bodies naturally fight viruses, but there are steps people can take to feel better and speed recovery. Paracetamol or ibuprofen can help lower fever and relieve pain, though many cough and cold preparations already contain paracetamol, so people should avoid taking more than the recommended total. Vitamin C is commonly believed to help defend against colds, but evidence is limited; a healthy, balanced diet is more important for most people. NHS guidance also suggests that vitamin D supplementation can be helpful in colder months where sunlight is limited. Decongestant sprays can offer immediate relief but should be used sparingly to avoid rebound congestion. Hydration and warm fluids, such as chicken soup, can ease throat discomfort and support overall hydration.

Vaccination remains a key line of defense. Dr. Duke emphasizes taking the free annual flu jab when offered. Eligibility is staggered to protect those most at risk. If you have small children who were two or three on 31 August this year, they are entitled to the vaccine; older children will receive theirs at school. People should check the NHS website or visit their GP to book. Another image in context of public health guidance helps illustrate the message:

Health experts note the interplay of weather and behavior. Colder days drive people indoors, increasing transmission risk; schools and university halls often serve as hubs for viruses. The season appears to have started earlier this year, aided by social mixing in crowded indoor spaces and the return to classrooms after long breaks. Officials stress vaccination, hand hygiene and staying home when sick as practical steps to reduce spread.

What to watch for and when to seek care remains important. If symptoms are mild, rest and supportive care may be enough. If you are in a high-risk group—or if you experience persistent breathlessness, chest pain, confusion, or symptoms lasting beyond three weeks—seek medical advice promptly.

As the health system monitors the evolving situation, NHS and public health authorities continue to publish updated guidance on prevention, testing where appropriate, and vaccination clinics. Additional reporting by Smitha Mundasad.