Red flags in COVID-19 symptoms: When to seek urgent medical care

Health experts warn that some COVID-19 symptoms are red flags that require immediate medical care, particularly for people at higher risk of severe illness. Signs that should prompt urgent evaluation include shortness of breath or trouble breathing, chest pain, confusion, dizziness, and a bluish tint to the lips. A home pulse oximeter showing low oxygen saturation is another key warning sign that medical help may be needed.

Medical professionals emphasize that the virus typically goes through two phases: a period of rapid replication followed by an inflammatory response as the body fights the infection. This inflammation can affect the lungs, and patients who report getting winded with minimal activity, or who experience chest pressure, should seek care promptly. Concern is especially high if someone in the household develops confusion or is unable to catch their breath while resting, walking, or talking. If you notice any of these signs, seek medical help immediately.

Medical professionals note that the virus can progress, and risk rises for certain groups. People over 50, those with chronic conditions such as COPD or heart disease, and individuals who are immunocompromised are advised to contact their doctors early after a positive test so clinicians can plan a course of treatment and monitor progress. A healthcare provider can determine whether antiviral therapy or additional testing is appropriate and can help set expectations for recovery.

For many patients, COVID symptoms begin mildly and may peak around days three to four before improving, but some experience worsening around days six or seven. If symptoms grow worse, such as a deeper sore throat, persistent cough, higher fever, or new confusion, patients should reach out to their primary care provider promptly. A worsening trajectory may signal progression to a secondary infection, including pneumonia, and early medical input can help prevent complications.

Vaccination remains a key defense against severe disease. The COVID vaccine is effective at reducing the likelihood of hospitalization and death, even if breakthrough infections occur. It is not always possible to avoid infection entirely, so clinicians emphasize staying up to date with vaccination and discussing timing for boosters with a doctor, especially after a recent infection. In addition to vaccination, experts advocate a layered approach to protection, using masks in crowded spaces, staying away from sick individuals, and maintaining good ventilation and hygiene, a strategy sometimes referred to as the Swiss cheese model of COVID defense.

Beyond vaccines, keeping your doctor informed about a COVID-19 infection helps with monitoring and access to antiviral medications if appropriate. If you are unsure whether you should seek care, err on the side of caution and contact a healthcare professional.

The winter season often brings heightened activity of respiratory illnesses, including COVID, the flu, and RSV. The same red-flag guidance applies: seek care for trouble breathing, chest pain, confusion, blue lips, low oxygen readings, or a fever that remains very high, and rely on vaccination and prevention measures to reduce risk across illnesses.