Tanning beds linked to DNA mutations and higher melanoma risk, study finds

Indoor tanning beds are linked to DNA changes and a higher risk of melanoma, according to a study by Northwestern Medicine and the University of California, San Francisco. Researchers analyzed medical records for 3,000 sunbed users and 3,000 people with no history of indoor tanning. Melanoma was diagnosed in 5.1% of sunbed users, compared with 2.1% of non-users, a nearly threefold increase. Melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer, with more than 100,000 cases diagnosed annually in the United States and about 11,000 deaths.

The study also found that tanning device exposure appears to cause DNA mutations across a broader area of skin than outdoor sun exposure would typically affect. Researchers noted that those who used indoor tanning devices showed mutations across almost the entire skin surface, not only on areas that would normally be sun-drenched. Sunless tanning products were also associated with disease in areas usually protected from the sun, such as the lower back. In laboratory analysis of skin samples, users had nearly twice as many mutations as non-users. "In outdoor sun exposure, maybe 20% of your skin gets the most damage," said Pedram Gerami, a professor of skin cancer research at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "In tanning bed users, we saw those same dangerous mutations across almost the entire skin surface."

The study also quantified the relative risk of skin cancer types beyond melanoma. The analysis found that repeated visits to tanning salons were associated with a 58% increase in squamous cell carcinoma risk and a 24% increase in basal cell carcinoma risk. The findings add to decades of warnings about indoor tanning. The researchers emphasized that the pattern of DNA damage differed from outdoor sun exposure; the mutations were more widespread among tanning bed users.

Public health context and attitudes surround the issue. The American Academy of Dermatology has reported that about 20% of youths believe being tan is more important than protecting themselves from skin cancer. Despite that mindset, experts say there are safer options for achieving a bronzed look. Sunless products, including mists, drops, oils, and sprays, provide a glow without exposure to UV rays or cancer risk. Health professionals note that no tanning method is risk-free, and warnings should be clear.

Experts say stronger warnings are needed for tanning products and facilities. "When you buy a pack of cigarettes, it says this may result in lung cancer," Gerami said. "We should have a similar campaign with tanning bed usage." Additionally, anyone who has used tanning beds in the past should consider a total-body skin exam by a dermatologist.

As indoor tanning resurges among younger generations, health officials emphasize risk awareness and practical steps to reduce exposure. Avoiding tanning beds altogether remains the most protective option, and safer alternatives can help people achieve a sun-kissed appearance without increasing cancer risk.