Which? expert urges consumers to stop using fabric softener, warns of residue and skin irritation

A senior researcher at consumer group Which? has warned that fabric softener can leave a residue on clothing and household linens that reduces cleaning effectiveness and may cause skin irritation, particularly for people with sensitive skin.

"I'd never use fabric softener," Rebecca Jakeman, a senior researcher and writer at Which?, told readers in an advice column. "It leaves a residue on fabrics that builds up over time. Not only does this make it harder for detergent to penetrate and clean your clothes, it will also reduce the absorption of towels. Fabric softener can also irritate sensitive skin."

Jakeman also cautioned that many people use more detergent than necessary, which can compound residue problems. She said consumers should follow detergent manufacturer instructions for dosing and avoid adding unnecessary products to wash cycles that can leave deposits on fabrics.

Fabric softeners are designed to coat fibers to reduce friction, which makes fabrics feel smoother and can cut down on static. That coating can also reduce a textile's ability to absorb water, a particular concern for towels and other items where absorbency is desirable. Residues from detergents, softeners or combinations of both can build up over repeated washes and may trap soils, according to Which?.

The advice comes amid growing attention to how laundry additives affect both fabric performance and skin health. Fragrances and some chemicals used in softeners are known triggers for irritation in people with sensitive or allergy-prone skin, and consumer groups and dermatologists have previously advised people with skin sensitivities to limit exposure to scented products on clothing.

Which? recommended skipping fabric softener for towels, sportswear and any garments worn close to the skin if irritation is a concern. The organisation also urged consumers to measure detergent carefully, use the correct wash settings and follow garment care labels to reduce the risk of buildup and maintain fabric performance.

Laundry-care manufacturers and chemical suppliers point to benefits of fabric softeners such as reduced static, easier ironing and a softer hand feel. But the Which? guidance highlights trade-offs between those benefits and potential downsides for absorbency and skin contact, particularly over many wash cycles.

Experts say addressing buildup typically involves washing items at appropriate temperatures, using the right amount of detergent for water hardness and load size, and occasionally running maintenance cycles to clear residues from machines. For people concerned about skin reactions, testing a product on a small area or avoiding scented fabric products can help identify triggers.

The guidance from Which? reinforces existing consumer advice around cautious use of laundry additives and correct detergent dosing, and serves as a reminder for households to review laundry habits if towels become less absorbent or if skin irritation appears after wearing recently laundered clothes.